NuRadioMC.SignalGen.emitter module

NuRadioMC.SignalGen.emitter.get_time_trace(amplitude, N, dt, model, full_output=False, **kwargs)[source]

returns the voltage trace of an emitter

We implement only the time-domain solution and obtain the frequency spectrum via FFT (with the standard normalization of NuRadioMC). This approach assures that the units are interpreted correctly. In the time domain, the amplitudes are well defined and not details about fourier transform normalizations needs to be known by the user.

Parameters:

amplitudefloat

strength of a pulse

Nint

number of samples in the time domain

dt: float

time bin width, i.e. the inverse of the sampling rate

model: string

specifies the signal model If the model string starts with “efield_”, the function provides the three dimensional electric field emitted by the pulser/antena combination normalized to a distance of 1m. If not, then the voltage of the pulser is returned (which needs to be folded with an antenna response pattern to obtain the emitted electric field. This is automatically done in a NuRadioMC simulation).

delta_pulse: a simple signal model of a delta pulse emitter
cw : a sinusoidal wave of given frequency
square : a rectangular pulse of given amplituede and width
tone_burst : a short sine wave pulse of given frequency and desired width
idl1 & hvsp1 : these are the waveforms generated in KU lab and stored in hdf5 files
gaussian : represents a gaussian pulse where sigma is defined through the half width at half maximum
ARA02-calPulser : a new normalized voltage signal which depicts the original CalPulser shape used in ARA-02
efield_idl1_spice: direct measurement of the efield from the idl1 pulser and its antenna as used in the SPICE calibration campaigns from 2018 and 2019. The launch_vector needs to be specified in the kwargs. See Journal of Instrumentation 15 (2020) P09039, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/09/P09039 arXiv:2006.03027 for details. the amplitude is used to rescale the efield relatively, i.e., amplitude = 1 will return the measured efield amplitude, an amplitude of 10 will return 10 times the measured efield amplitude, etc. Use kwarg iN to select a specific pulse from the 10 available pulses. The default is a random selection.
efield_delta_pulse: a simple signal model of a delta pulse emitter. The kwarg polarization needs to be specified to select the polarization of the efield, defined as float between 0 and 1 with 0 = eTheta polarized and 1 = ePhi polarized. The default is 0.5, i.e. unpolarized. The amplitudes are set to preserve the total power of the delta pulse, i.e. A_theta = sqrt(1-polarization) and A_phi = sqrt(polarization).

full_output: bool (default False)

if True, can return additional output

kwargs: dict

specifies needed parameters for certain emitters.

emitter_frequency: Frequency of the emitted pulse.
half_width: Half width of the emitted pulse.
launch_vector: Launch vector of the emitted pulse.
polarization: Polarization of the emitted pulse.
iN: Index of the measured pulse used for the propagation
rnd: Random number generator used to select a pulse form.

Returns:

time trace: 1d or 2d array, shape (N) or (3, N) for efield: the amplitudes for each time bin. In case of an efield, the the amplitude for the three componente eR, eTheta, ePhi are returned.
additional information: dict: only available if full_output enabled

NuRadioMC.SignalGen.emitter.get_frequency_spectrum(amplitude, N, dt, model, full_output=False, **kwargs)[source]

returns the complex amplitudes of the frequency spectrum of an emitter