NuRadioMC.SignalGen.parametrizations module
- NuRadioMC.SignalGen.parametrizations.get_parametrizations()[source]
returns a list of all implemented parametrizations
- NuRadioMC.SignalGen.parametrizations.get_time_trace(energy, theta, N, dt, shower_type, n_index, R, model, seed=None, same_shower=False, k_L=None, full_output=False, average_shower=False)[source]
returns the Askaryan pulse in the time domain of the eTheta component
We implement only the time-domain solution and obtain the frequency spectrum via FFT (with the standard normalization of NuRadioMC). This approach assures that the units are interpreted correctly. In the time domain, the amplitudes are well defined and not details about fourier transform normalizations needs to be known by the user.
- Parameters:
- energyfloat
energy of the shower
- theta: float
viewangle: angle between shower axis (neutrino direction) and the line of sight between interaction and detector
- Nint
number of samples in the time domain
- dt: float
time bin width, i.e. the inverse of the sampling rate
- shower_type: string (default “HAD”)
type of shower, either “HAD” (hadronic), “EM” (electromagnetic)
- n_index: float
index of refraction at interaction vertex
- R: float
distance from vertex to observer
- model: string
specifies the signal model
ZHS1992: the original ZHS parametrization from E. Zas, F. Halzen, and T. Stanev, Phys. Rev. D 45, 362 (1992), doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.45.362, this parametrization does not contain any phase information
Alvarez2000: parameterization based on ZHS mainly based on J. Alvarez-Muniz, R. A. Vazquez, and E. Zas, Calculation methods for radio pulses from high energyshowers,Physical Review D62 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.84.103003
Alvarez2009: parameterization based on ZHS from J. Alvarez-Muniz, W. R. Carvalho, M. Tueros, and E. Zas, Coherent cherenkov radio pulses fromhadronic showers up to eev energies,Astroparticle Physics35(2012), no. 6 287 – 299 and J. Alvarez-Muniz, C. James, R. Protheroe, and E. Zas, Thinned simulations of extremely energeticshowers in dense media for radio applications, Astroparticle Physics 32 (2009), no. 2 100 – 111
- seed: None or int
the random seed for the Askaryan modules
- same_shower: bool (default False)
if False, for each request a new random shower realization is choosen. if True, the shower from the last request of the same shower type is used. This is needed to get the Askaryan signal for both ray tracing solutions from the same shower.
- k_L: None or float
the k_L parameter for EM showers of the Alvarez2009 model. If a this parameter is provided, this value is used and the parameter will not be drawn from a random distribution. This setting overrides the same_shower setting
- full_output: bool (default False)
if True, askaryan modules can return additional output. The additional output is always a dictionary
For Alvarez2009: dict containing the key ‘k_L’
For ZHS1992 and ALvarez2000 the dict is empty.
- average_shower: bool (default False)
if True, for the Alvarez2009 model electromagnetic showers, no random shower is generated, but the average shower is choosen.
- Returns:
- spectrum: array
the complex amplitudes for the given frequencies
- additional information: dict
only available if full_output enabled