Antenna Models
All antenna models are stored on a central data server and are downloaded automatically on-demand whenever the user requests the antenna model for the first time.
For developers: If you add new an antenna model please add the sha1sum = hashlib.sha1() to this list and send Christian the antenna model so that he can put it on our central server.
Implemetation of Antenna Models
The antenna models are accessed in the AntennaPattern class in the nuradioreco.detector.antennapattern.py module. Different software packages are used to simulate the antennas, internally, NuRadioReco converts the data to a common pickle format in which they are stored.
The antenna pickle files contains 9 lists of the following data:
- orientation theta: float
orientation of the antenna, as a zenith angle (0deg is the zenith, 180deg is straight down)
- orientation phi: float
orientation of the antenna, as an azimuth angle (counting from East counterclockwise)
- rotation theta: float
rotation of the antenna
- rotation phi: float
rotation of the antenna
- freqs: array of floats
array of frequencies for which the realized vector effective length is provided
- theta: array of floats
zenith angles for the realized vector effective length with respect to the antenna
- phi: array of floats
azimuth angles for the realized vector effective length with respect to the antenna
- H_phi: array of floats
the complex realized vector effective length of the ePhi polarization component as described in (A.13) of the NuRadioReco paper arxiv:1903.07023
- H_theta: array of floats
the complex realized vector effective length of the eTheta polarization component as described in (A.13) of the NuRadioReco paper arxiv:1903.07023
For the antenna orientation and rotation, the conventions are described in Properties of Detector Description
The calculation of the vector effective length is described in Appendix A.1, A.2 and A.3 of the NuRadioReco paper arxiv:1903.07023.
Overview of available Antenna Models
The following antenna models are available in NuRadioReco.
The headings are the unique identifiers of the antenna model that need to specified as antenna_type in the detector description.
Inf means usually an infinite medium, firn has a refractive index n = 1.3-1.4. Since this is a bit imprecise we changed the naming to the actual refractive index.
bicone_v8_InfAir
WIPL-D simulation of ARA Bicone antenna. This antenna has been used by ARIANNA at the South Pole. The antenna is embedded in an infinite medium with an index of refraction of n = 1.0. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [-90,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
bicone_v8_InfFirn
bicone_v8_inf_n1.32
WIPL-D simulation of ARA Bicone antenna. This antenna has been used by ARIANNA at the South Pole. The antenna is embedded in an infinite medium with an index of refraction of n = 1.32. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [-90,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
bicone_v8_inf_n1.4
WIPL-D simulation of ARA Bicone antenna. This antenna has been used by ARIANNA at the South Pole. The antenna is embedded in an infinite medium with an index of refraction of n = 1.4. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [-90,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
bicone_v8_inf_n1.78
WIPL-D simulation of ARA Bicone antenna. This antenna has been used by ARIANNA at the South Pole. The antenna is embedded in an infinite medium with an index of refraction of n = 1.78. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [-90,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_InfFirn
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. The antenna is embedded in an infinite medium with an index of refraction of n = 1.3. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [-90,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz assumed
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_InfFirn_n1.4
Same as createLPDA_100MHz_InfFirn but antenna embedded in infinite firn with index of n = 1.4. Theta range [-90,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z1cm_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. lowest/largest tine 1cm above air (this is because in the simulation the geometry is inverted, the ground is air and the medium of the antenna is firn). The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z1cm_InFirn_BoresightToBoundary
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. smallest/highest tine 1cm below air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z10cm_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. lowest/largest tine 10cm above air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z1m_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. lowest/largest tine 1m above air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z2m_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. Largest tine 2m above air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z2m_InFirn_Backlobe_NoRG
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. Largest tine 2m above air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [200,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z3m_InAir_RG
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. lowest/largest tine 3m above firn. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z3m_InFirn_BoresightToBoundary
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. Largest tine 3m below air; nose 1.58m below air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z3mAndLPDALen_InFirn_BoresightToBoundary
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. Nose 3.2m below air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z5m_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. Largest tine 5m above air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z10m_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. Largest tine 10m above air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z100m_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. Largest tine 100m above air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z200m_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. Largest tine 200m above air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_InfAir
Same as createLPDA_100MHz_InfFirn but antenna embedded in infinite air (i.e. n = 1). Theta range [-90,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z1cm_InAir_RG
WIPL-D simulation of 100 MHz LPDA from create. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. lowest/largest tine 1cm above firn (this is because in the simulation the geometry is inverted, the ground is air and the medium of the antenna is firn). The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [5,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
createLPDA_100MHz_z1m_InFirn_RG_v2
dip7cm_hpol_infFirn
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. Horizontally orientated dipole antenna in infinite firn media(n=1.3 assumed). The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z260mm_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. dipole center 260cm in firn. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z1m_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. dipole center 1m in firn. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z2m_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. dipole center 2m in firn. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z3m_InFirn_RG_NearHorizontalHD
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. dipole center 3m in firn. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,0.5] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z5m_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. dipole center 5m above air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z10m_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. dipole center 10m above air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z200m_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. Dipole center 200m below surface. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z100m_InFirn_RG
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. dipole center 100m below surface. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_infAir_s12
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. Vertically orientated dipole in infinite air (n=1). The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [=90,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z270mm_InAir
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. dipole center 270mm deep, in infinite air (n=1). The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z1m_InAir
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. dipole center 1m above firn. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z1m_InAir_RG_NearHorizontalHD
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. dipole center 1m above air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,1] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z1m_InAir_RG_NearHorizontalHD2
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. dipole center 1m above air. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,0.5] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z2m_InAir
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. dipole center 2m above firn. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
dip7cm_z5m_InAir
WIPL-D simulation of KU dipole 52cm long. This antenna is used by ARIANNA. dipole center 5m above firn. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0,90] Phi range [0,360] Freq range [20,1000]MHz
Last updated: 2018
RNOG_vpol_4inch_center_n1.73
xF simulations for the RNOG Vpol in a 5.75 inch borehole with index of refraction of ice n=1.73. The antenna is placed in the center (x, y) of the borehole. An extra cubic interpolation is performed in frequencies (5 MHz step). Theta range [0, 90] Phi range [0, 360] Freq range [0, 4200]MHz
Last updated: 2020
RNOG_vpol_4inch_half_n1.73
xF simulations for the RNOG Vpol in a 5.75 inch borehole with index of refraction of ice n=1.73. The antenna is halfway displaced from the center towards phi = 0. An extra cubic interpolation is performed in frequencies (5 MHz step). Theta range [0, 90] Phi range [0, 360] Freq range [0, 4200]MHz
Last updated: 2020
RNOG_vpol_4inch_wall_n1.73
xF simulations for the RNOG Vpol in a 5.75 inch borehole with index of refraction of ice n=1.73. The antenna placed against the wall towards phi = 0. An extra cubic interpolation is performed in frequencies (5 MHz step). Theta range [0, 90] Phi range [0, 360] Freq range [0, 4200]MHz
Last updated: 2020
RNOG_vpol_v2_5inch_center_n1.75
XFdtd simulations for the RNO-G VPol in an 11.2 inch diameter borehole with index of refraction of ice n=1.75. The antenna is placed in the center (x, y) of the borehole. An extra cubic interpolation is performed in frequencies (5 MHz step). Theta range [0, 180] Phi range [0, 360] Freq range [0, 700]MHz.
Note: Simulation ran with Theta range [0, 90] and Phi range [0, 90] due to simulation size constraints and was extended to range noted above using symmetry.
Last updated: 2024
RNOG_quadslot_v1_n1.74
XFdtd simulations for the RNOG Hpol. Simulations are done in air, frequencies are rescaled with n=1.74. An extra cubic interpolation is performed in frequencies (5 MHz step). Theta range [-180, 180] Phi range [0, 360] Freq range [57, 574]MHz
Last updated: 2020
RNOG_quadslot_v2_n1.74
XFdtd simulations for the RNOG Hpol. Simulations are done in air, frequencies are rescaled with n=1.74. An extra cubic interpolation is performed in frequencies (5 MHz step). Theta range [-180, 180] Phi range [0, 360] Freq range [57, 574]MHz
Last updated: 2020
RNOG_quadslot_v2_rescaled_fineFreq
RNOG_quadslot_v3_air_rescaled_to_n1.74
XFdtd simulations in for the RNO-G Hpol. Simulations are done in air, frequencies are rescaled with n=1.74. Theta range [-180, 180] Phi range [0, 360] Freq range [57, 574]MHz
Last updated: 2020
SKALA_InfFirn
Log-periodic antenna for SKA-low, called SKALA-2. The complex (magnitude + phase) vector effective length of both polarization components (ePhi, eTheta) is provided. Theta range [0, 90]; Phi range [0, 360]; Freq range [50, 350]MHz For more information, see: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7297231/authors#authors Last updated: 2021